Where does Tesla source their nickel?
Vale will supply Tesla with an ongoing source of low-carbon Class 1 nickel from Canada's Newfoundland and Labrador, in addition to six other companies producing nickel for the automaker in New Caledonia, Australia and China.
A total of twelve companies are included in the table, including Vale, which is listed as a supplier of nickel mined from Canada from an integrated mine site and refiner. Following Tesla's disclosure, Vale went public with the deal as well in a short statement dated May 6.
It's important to understand that there is not only one company that supplies lithium to Tesla. At the end of 2021, Tesla inked a fresh three year lithium supply deal with top lithium producer Ganfeng (OTC Pink:GNENF,SZSE:002460). The Chinese company will provide products to Tesla for three years starting from 2022.
Nickel mining in Russia, which produces some of the "worst" air pollution in the world, according to Stone, supplies Western automakers in Europe. Indonesia and the Philippines are also major global suppliers of the commodity.
Nickel is currently mined in many countries around the world. Indonesia, for example, currently produces about three times as much nickel as Russia, while Australia, New Caledonia and the Philippines roughly match Russia's production rate.
Russian mining company Norilsk Nickel, also known as Nornickel, was the world's largest nickel producer as of the first quarter (Q1) of 2021 and Q1 2022, with 45,558 metric tons and 51,374 metric tons produced, respectively. Nornickel has long been the world's largest nickel producer.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. The Big Nickel is a nine-metre (30 ft) replica of a 1951 Canadian nickel, located at the grounds of the Dynamic Earth science museum in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, and is the world's largest depiction of a coin.
The U.S. currently only has one domestic nickel mine, the Eagle mine, an underground mine located in Michigan.
Read more. Russia is a significant exporter of many of the metals and gases used in battery production (lithium, cobalt, and nickel) as well as palladium, which is essential to manufacture catalytic converters — the devices required for reducing exhaust emissions.
With 8 million tons, Chile has the world's largest known lithium reserves. This puts the South American country ahead of Australia (2.7 million tons), Argentina (2 million tons) and China (1 million tons). Within Europe, Portugal has smaller quantities of the valuable raw material.
Where does Tesla get most of its lithium?
Tesla buys lithium for its batteries directly from mines. In spring 2022, the company reportedly signed two significant contracts with Australian mining operators; specifically, the lithium-spodumene concentrate comes from Core and Liontown Resources. In addition, Tesla purchases lithium hydroxide from Ganfeng.
T&E's study shows that there would be enough lithium and nickel (1) metals to make up to 14 million battery electric cars (BEV) globally in 2023 – 55% higher than the current market projections.

Different types of nickel deposits
Nickel sulfides are typically found deep within the earth, and are extracted via underground mines. Currently, the U.S. sources most of its nickel sulfides from Canada, Norway, Australia, and Finland, but there are very few new sulfide mines in the works.
Nornickel – Russia's largest nickel producer
Nornickel owns nickel reserves on the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia and the Kola Peninsula in Northwest Russia.
- Indonesia. Mine production: 1 million MT. ...
- Philippines. Mine production: 370,000 MT. ...
- Russia. Mine production: 250,000 MT. ...
- New Caledonia. Mine production: 190,000 MT. ...
- Australia. Mine production: 160,000 MT. ...
- Canada. Mine production: 130,000 MT. ...
- China. Mine production: 120,000 MT. ...
- Brazil.
As demand for lithium-ion batteries and other nickel products continues to climb, the ability of nickel suppliers to meet that demand in the near future is in question. Both supply and demand factors are driving the nickel shortage, and unfortunately, the shortage is expected to continue for the foreseeable future.
The company gets its nickel overseas. Vale, the Brazilian mining giant, is Tesla's main nickel supplier, and the company has recently done a big deal to secure nickel supply from New Caledonia. But, North American production of nickel is limited, and Tesla is not sourcing locally.
There is only one operating nickel mine in the United States — the Eagle Mine in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, which produces raw nickel concentrate, the same product the PolyMet and Twin Metals mines would likely produce.
Russia is the world's third-largest nickel producer.
Where does Elon Musk get his nickel?
Tesla is buying nickel products, rather than nickel ore itself, meaning it's one step removed from the extraction process. Mining companies that have signed nickel deals with Tesla, like Vale or Kabanga Nickel in Tanzania, have trumpeted their efforts to extract the metal with lower carbon emissions.
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Percentage of United States nickel imports between 2017 and 2020, by country of origin.
United States Imports from Russia of Nickel powders and flakes was US$5.78 Million during 2021, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. United States Imports from Russia of Nickel powders and flakes - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on December of 2022.
There is an alternative type of battery that's already in use for lower-cost EVs, although it comes with tradeoffs. Lithium iron phosphate, or LFP, batteries use iron phosphate in their cathodes, no nickel or cobalt required.
Recycling Batteries. Recycled lithium battery cells are about 17 times richer sources of nickel, 4–5 of lithium, and 10 of cobalt than their respective natural ores. “Mining” that recycling resource is already getting well underway.
Ukraine has extremely rich and complementary mineral resources in high concentrations and close proximity to each other. The country has abundant reserves of coal, iron ore, natural gas, manganese, salt, oil, graphite, sulfur, kaolin, titanium, nickel, magnesium, timber, and mercury.
Which Country Has the Largest Lithium Reserves in the World? The country with the largest lithium reserves in the world is actually the South American nation of Chile. Chile has 9.2 million tons of lithium in total. As a result, it is first in the list of lithium reserves by country by some distance.
An inability to produce enough lithium would result in severe delays to the roll out and implementation of electric transport and renewable power – as such, it is fair to question whether there is enough of the prized element to meet global needs.
According to preliminary estimates, researchers believe that Ukraine is a treasure trove of lithium, holding about 500,000 tons of the “non-renewable mineral that makes renewable energy possible.” Lithium has become virtually irreplaceable in electric vehicle (EV) batteries because of its efficient energy storage per ...
Who owns the largest lithium mine in America?
Silver Peak, Nevada is home to the only active lithium mine in the U.S. It's owned by Albemarle, one of the world's largest lithium producers, and is set to double in size by 2025 to meet growing demand from EV automakers.
Tesla battery supplier Panasonic teases impressive increases in capacity. Panasonic, which grew into a major battery cell supplier in the EV industry through its partnership with Tesla, is now teasing some important improvements in battery capacity.
Panasonic is the sole maker of the more advanced Tesla battery, ensuring it remains a key supplier to the U.S. company, at least for its pricier models, even as the EV maker seeks out battery suppliers in China and elsewhere.
We will not run out of nickel any time soon as identified land-based resources with 0.5% nickel or greater contain at least 300 million tonnes of nickel, with about 60% in laterites and 40% in sulfide deposits.
The supply crunch won't hit immediately. Even though the price of lithium has surged more than tenfold over the past two years, there's enough capacity to meet anticipated demand until around 2025—and potentially through 2030 if enough recycling operations come online. After that, chronic shortages are expected.
Because lithium is not an infinite resource. In fact, according to Kipping, once EVs dominate the car market, there's about 70 years' worth of lithium until the identified global reserves are themselves depleted. After that, we'd have to turn to pulling lithium from the sea, which is a much more expensive proposition.
Eagle is the only primary nickel mine in the United States. The mine began production in fall 2014 and is expected to produce 440 million pounds of nickel, 429 million pounds of copper and small amounts of other metals (platinum, palladium, silver, gold, and cobalt) over its estimated mine life (2014-2026).
About 50 kilograms of nickel goes into each Tesla battery. A report by the CSIRO shows about five times as much nickel (48,006 kilotonnes) will be needed to meet global demand by 2050 as lithium (8,990 kilotonnes). The problem the world now faces is finding enough nickel to make all the batteries needed.
The mining of copper/nickel sulfide ores is a toxic type of mining that is risky to our environment, our workers and communities, and local economies.
Nickel imports from Russia by the top three destinations in March-June rose 17% year-on-year. The United States saw the biggest gains, surging 70% compared to last year, while EU shipments gained 22%. A jump in prices following the invasion provided an extra incentive to continue exports, analysts said.
Does the US import nickel?
Imports of Nickel in the United States averaged 158.60 USD Million from 1989 until 2022, reaching an all time high of 507.10 USD Million in April of 2007 and a record low of 33.18 USD Million in February of 1994. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United States Imports of Nickel.
Most Nickel mining happens in Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Russia, and the Philippines. The metal has quickly become a key component in the lithium-ion batteries that power electric cars. It has become key to extended range in EVs, making it a major player in the advancement of electric vehicles.
Russia is a key supplier of nickel. Prices have surged since its invasion of Ukraine. Nickel is a critical ingredient in the lithium-ion batteries used in most electric vehicles. Automakers and investors will have to rethink EV plans if nickel supplies are constrained.
The world's nickel resources are currently estimated at almost 300 million tons. Australia, Indonesia, South Africa, Russia and Canada account for more than 50% of the global nickel resources. Economic concentrations of nickel occur in sulphide and in laterite-type ore deposits.
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Percentage of United States nickel imports between 2017 and 2020, by country of origin.
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Top 9 Nickel-producing Countries (Updated 2022)
- Indonesia. Mine production: 1 million MT. ...
- Philippines. Mine production: 370,000 MT. ...
- Russia. ...
- New Caledonia. ...
- Australia. ...
- Canada. ...
- China. ...
- Brazil.
Causes and Effects of the Current Nickel Shortage
While there is plenty of nickel in the Earth's crust to be mined, the mining and processing industries are struggling to keep up with demand for nickel largely created by the EV ramp-up—and this was true even before metal supply chains were staggered by the pandemic.
There is only one operating nickel mine in the United States — the Eagle Mine in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, which produces raw nickel concentrate, the same product the PolyMet and Twin Metals mines would likely produce.
We will not run out of nickel any time soon as identified land-based resources with 0.5% nickel or greater contain at least 300 million tonnes of nickel, with about 60% in laterites and 40% in sulfide deposits.
Russia Exports of nickel was US$2 Billion during 2021, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. Russia Exports of nickel - data, historical chart and statistics - was last updated on December of 2022.